IZINGCEZU ZENKULUMO
(PARTS OF SPEECH)
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Ziyini izingcezu zenkulumo? (Parts of speech)
Izingcezu zenkulumo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusisizeni ukuthi sakhe imisho ehambisana nohlelo lolimi. Kubalulekile ukuthi sizazi izingcezu zenkulumo njengokuhluka kwazo lokhu kungasisiza ukuthi sakhe imisho ngendlela efanele futhi ehambisana nemithetho yolimi.
Izingcezu Zenkulumo Zilandelana Ngale Ndlela:
USOBIZO
Usobizo usebenza njengenhloko yomusho njengoba sivamise ukumthola ekuqaleni komusho. Yigama elingasebenza njengomenzi noma umenziwa emshweni. Lolu cezu lwenkulumo lunezingane ezimbili nje kuphela okuyi BIZO kanye neSabizwana.
1.1. IBIZO (NOUN)
Ibizo yigama lento ebonakalayo noma engabonakali, kungaba yigama lento esingayithinta noma engathinteki.
Isib. Umuntu, Umoya, Umona, Umqondo njll.
Ubhuti udlala ibhola.
Kulo musho ongenhla ubhuti ibizo ngoba uyena esichazelwa ngaye.
1.2. ISABIZWANA (PRONOUN)
Leli gama liyazisho. Uma sikhuluma ngesabizwana sikhuluma ngegama elisabizo kepha akusilo ibizo. Leli gama lisebenza njengebizo lapho ibizo lingekho khona noma likhona.
Isabizwana sihlukaniseke ka-3:
1.2.1. Esokukhomba
1.2.2. Esokubala / Esenani
1.2.3. Esoqobo
1.2.1. ESOKUKHOMBA
Lesi sabizwana sisho igama elisivezela ukukhomba okuthize. Yingakho sithi lesi sabizwana singasho ukukhomba okuthathu okungaba ukukhomba eduze, ukukhomba buqamama kanye nokukhomba kude.
A. Esokukhomba eduze
Lapha umuntu usuke ekhomba into eseduze noma asondelene nayo. lesi sabizwana sisebenzisa nazi iziqu ezilandelayo: La, lo, lokhu, le, laba, leli, lobu, lesi, lolu.
Lezi ziqu ziqu zisikhanyisela ngokugqamile ukuthi into ekhonjwayo iseduze.
isib. Ngizothatha lesi sitsha namhlanje.
Ngizolala la namhlanje.
Kule misho engenhla u "lesi" kanye no "la" bayisabizwana sokukhomba eduze.
B. ESOKUKHOMBA BUQAMAMA
Lapha umuntu usuke ekhomba into engekho eduze futhi engekho kude kepha eqhelelene naye lo osuke ekhuluma ibe iseduze naloyo okusuke kukhulunywa naye.
Lesi sabizwana sisebenzisa nazi iziqu: Lelo, lokho, lolo, lawo, lezo, leso.
isib. Leso sihlalo sizokuwisa.
Lezo zingane azilaleli.
Kule misho engenhla emibili u "leso" no "lezo" bayizabizwana zokukhomba buqamama.
C. ESOKUKHOMBA KUDE
Lapha sikhuluma ngama gama asivezela ukukhomba lokho okusuke kukude nathi.
Ngokuvamile iziqu zalesi sabizwana zijobelela isakhi u- ya kulezi zokukhomba eduze. isib. lesi+ ya= Lesiya
Lesi sabizwana sigabe ngalezi ziqu ezilandelayo: Laphaya, Leliya, Lokhuya, Lesiya.
isib. Thatha lesiya sihlalo.
Kulo musho ongenhla u"lesiya" uyisabizwana sokukhumba kude.
1.2.2 ISABIZWANA SOQOBO
Naso isabizwana soqobo siyigama elingamela ibizo emshweni.
Leli gama lingasebenza kanye kanye nebizo noma lisebenze lodwa ngaphandle kwebizo.
Nazi iziqu zesabizwana soqobo: Yena, bona, zona, thina.
Isib. uSipho ushaya ingane.
Yena ushaya ingane.
Kulo musho ongenhla u"yena" uyisabizwana soqobo. u"yena" kulo musho ongenhla umele igama u"Sipho" okuyibizo.
1.2.3 ISABIZWANA SOKUBALA/ ISABIZWANA SENANI
Lesi sabizwana naso njengezinye izabizwana singasebenza simele ibizo emshweni.
Lesi sabizwana sikhombisa ukubala futhi sineziqu zenani elitholakala kwischasiso.
Lesi sabizwana sinalezi ziqu ezilandelelayo: Zonke, Bonke, Ngedwa, Sonke.
isib. Zonke izingane zihambile.
Kulo musho ongenhla u"zonke" uyisabizwana sokubala.
UMSEBENZI OMNCANE WOKUZIHLOLA:
Zibaluleke ngani izingcezu zenkulumo? (2)
Uyini usobizo? (2)
Yiziphi izingane zikasobizo? (2)
Chaza kabanzi ngeziqu zesabizwana sokukhomba eduze kanye neziqu zesabizwana sokukhomba kude. (2)
2. ISICHASISO
Isichasiso saziwa njengegama elichaza usobizo.
leli yigama elisebenza lilandele usobizo elimchazayo emshweni.
Isichasiso sakhiwa yisivumelwano sesichasiso nesiqu sesichasiso.
Isichasiso sihlukile kunosobizo ngoba sinezingane ezi-4, izingane zesichasiso zimi kanje:
2.1. Isiphawulo
2.2. Isibaluli
2.3. Ongumnini
2.4. Inani
2.1. ISIPHAWULO
Lena yingane yokuqala yesichasiso.
Leli yigama elisebenza lilandele usobizo (ibizo, isabizwana) esimchazayo emshweni.
Isiphawulo sikwazi ukusihlukanisa kwezinye izingcezu zenkulumo ngokubheka lezi ziqu ezilandelayo: -bi, -de, -sha, -hle,-dala, -khulu, -ncane, -bili, -thathu, -ne, -ningi, -ngaki, -fushane, -fuphi, -ncinyana, -nci.
Isib. sesiphawulo: Umfana omude udlala ibhola.
Kulo musho ongenhla igama "omkhulu" liyisiphawulo ngoba yilo elisichazela kabanzi ngegama "umfana" eliyibizo. kunesiqu u-de kwigama "omude" okuyisiqu sesiphawulo.
Umama omkhulu ushaye ingane.
Kulo musho ongenhla igama "omkhulu" yilo eliyisiphawulo ngoba lisichazela kabanzi ngegama "umama" okuyibizo futhi siyaphinde sithole isiqu u-"khulu" okuyisiqu sesiphawulo.
2.2. ISIBALULI
Naso isibaluli njengazo zonke izingane zesichasiso sisebenza silandele usobizo (ibizo, isabizwana) esimchazayo emshweni.
Isibaluli sakhiwa isivumelwano sesibaluli kanye nesiqu sesibaluli.
Iziqu zesibaluli ziyasuselwa nakwezinye izingcezu zenkulumo.
Zingahlukaniseka kanje iziqu zesibaluli:
Ezemvelo: qatha, -qotho, -nzima, -banzi, -mnandi, -nqunu, -ngcono.
Ezikhombayo: -nje, -njalo, -ngaka, -ngakaya.
Eziphuma ezenzweni: -Sebenzayo, -gijimayo, -bhalayo.
Ezixubile: -thile, -thize.
Ezisho umbala: -bomvu, -luhlaza, -mnyama, -mhlophe.
Eziphuma emabizweni: -manzi, -lula.
Isib. sesibaluli: Umama uqotho usiza ingane.
Kulo musho ongenhla igama "oqotho" liyisibaluli ngoba lisichazela kabanzi ngebizo "umama" futhi kukhona nesiqu sesibaluli kwigama "oqotho".
UMSEBENZI OMNCANE WOKUZIHLOLA:
Umyalelo: Sebenza wedwa ugcwalise le misho elandelayo ngezivumelwano ezifanele.
(a). Intokazi le isho ngezwi___________________mnandi. (1)
(b). Le mbali isho ngebala_____________________mhlophe. (1)
(c). Izinwele zayo______________________________nsundu azigundwa. (1)
(d). Azithandeki izithombe zabantu_________nqunu. (1)
(e). UZonke washada nensizwa______________qotho. (1)
(f). Kuthiwa le ntokazi ipheka ukudla_______mnandi. (1)
(g). Olukababa uthando_____________________banzi. (1)
(h) __________________________________mnyama tsu amashiya kabhuti. (1)
(i) Kubalulekile ukuqala ngezinto_______mqoka. (1)
(j) Izintombi___________mbalwa ezingazidela. (1)
AMAMAKI ESEWONKE: 10
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